Exodus is the second book of the Torah, the Tanakh, and the Old Testament. In Hebrew, it is called by its first words Ve-eleh shemot (Hebrew: ואלה שמות) (i.e., "And these are the names") or simply Shemot (שמות). The Septuagint designates the second book of the Pentateuch as "Exodus" (Greek: Ἔξοδος), meaning "departure" or "out-going". The Latin translation adopted the name, which passed into other languages. The major events of the book concern the Exodus, a departure of Hebrew slaves from Egypt under the leadership of Moses.

The book is generally broken into six sections

Chapters 1-12-Story of Enslavement and Moses

Chapters 13-18-The Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai

Chapters 19-24-The Covenant between God and Man

Chapters 25-31-Instructions for Items of Worship

Chapters 32-34-The Golden Calf and Re-giving of the Law

Chapters 35-40-The Construction of the Tabernacle

The time-span in this book, from the death of Joseph to the erection of the tabernacle in the wilderness, covers about one hundred and forty-five years, on the supposition that one computes the four hundred and thirty years (12:40) from the time of the promises made to Abraham (Gal. 3:17).

Moses (Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה, Standard Moshe Tiberian Mōšeh; Arabic: موسى, Mūsā; Ge'ez: ሙሴ Musse) was an early Biblical Hebrew religious leader, lawgiver, prophet, military leader and historian. Much of the material in the Torah is traditionally attributed to Moses. He is also an important prophet in Islam and the Bahá'í Faith.

According to the book of Exodus, Moses was born to a Hebrew mother who hid him when a Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed, and ended up being adopted into the Egyptian royal family. After killing an Egyptian slave master, he fled and became a shepherd, and was later commanded by God to deliver the Hebrews from slavery. After the Ten Plagues were unleashed upon Egypt, he led the Hebrew slaves out of Egypt, through the Red Sea, and in the desert for 40 years. Despite living to 120, he did not enter the Land of Israel, as he disobeyed God when God instructed him on how to bring forth water from a rock in the desert.

Some secular archaeologists believe Moses was a fictional character, since no physical evidence like pottery shards or stone tablets have been found to corroborate his existence.

• The name Moses comes from two words, one meaning "water", the other meaning to "come out of" ("to come out of water"). This shows significance as the word "water" in the Bible is often a metaphor referring to evil, gentiles or the world. Thus, Moses name symbolized a special deliverance of evil by God as he led them to the promised land. Moses also led the Israelites across the Red Sea which would also show deliverance out of water.
• Some medieval Jewish scholars had suggested that Moses' actual name was the Egyptian translation of "to draw out", and that it was translated into Hebrew, either by the Bible, or by Moses himself later in his lifetime.
• Some modern scholars had suggested that the daughter of the pharaoh might have derived his name from the Egyptian word moses, which means "son" or "formed of"; for example, "Thutmose" means "son of Thoth", and Rameses means "son of Ra".
• In ancient Egyptian language, the word "Mo" meant "water" while the word "Sa" meant "son". His complete name "Mosa" would mean "the son of water" as he was found in a basket in water.
• Amongst the Aramaean and Neo-Hittite populations of the northern Sam'al Yaudi state there is mention of an ancestral culture hero Moschos, linked to the Greek hero Mopsus (whose name means "calf"), who has certain similarities to parts of the Moses story.

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